Abstract—The objective of this study was to provide insights
into the synthesis and characterization of oil-in-water
nano-emulsions system prepared using mixed surfactant to
induce nano-colloid formation. Nano-emulsions (NE) were
obtained by pre-homogenization continued with ultrasonication
of herbal drug loaded avocado oil, hydrogenated lecithin (HL),
and d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS)
in the aqueous phase. The NE constituted with vary of
surfactant ratio, surfactant to oil ratio, and oil content to
investigate the physicochemical properties and storage stability.
Thus, the morphology NE was examined and performed in
regularly spherical shape distributed within 33–270 nm. Where
the forming of micelle was increasing the polydispersity index
and confirmed by TEM analysis. The results indicated that
particle size of the nano-emulsions was majorly affected by the
surfactant ratio and surfactant concentration. Moreover, the
presence of TPGS decrease the phase transition region until
completely eliminate it and make the NE become thermally
stable. To investigate the stability of NE, visual observation was
done and found that the unstable NE run into phase separation
less than 24 hours. In contrast, the stable NE was found to be
stable more than 365 days where found affected by the presence
of micelle. The current result suggests that mixing TPGS and
HL enhance the NE stability and induce micelle formation
significantly. On the other hand, TPGS perform significant
improvement in stability of NE and establish it be promising
lipophilic compound carrier.
Index Terms—Hydrogenated lecithin, mixed micelle, mixed
surfactant, nano-emulsions, TPGS.
Tzung-Han Chou is with the Department of Chemical and Materials
Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin
64022, Taiwan (e-mail: chouth@yuntech.edu.tw).
Daniel Setiyo Nugroho was with Department of Chemical and Materials
Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin
64022, Taiwan (e-mail: danielsetiyanugraha@ gmail.com)
Chia-Hua Liang was with Department of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan
University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan (e-mail:
tinna_ling@mail.cnu.edu.tw).
[PDF]
Cite: Tzung-Han Chou, Daniel Setiyo Nugroho, and Chia-Hua Liang, "Effect of Mixed Emulsifier on the Physicochemical Properties of Avocado Oil Nano-emulsions," International Journal of Chemical Engineering
and Applications vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 57-62, 2020.
