Abstract—Empty fruit bunch (EFB) of palm oil has significantly produced bioethanol by sequential delignification, saccharification (chemically and physically and afterwards enzymatic hydrolysis), and fermentation process. Mixing and soaking of EFB in 1% NaOH solution has reduced up to 90.3% lignin. Sequential pretreatment hydrolysis of EFB in sodium hydroxide solution and steaming in autoclave for 15 minutes, and subsequently the addition of xylanase and cellulase pH 6 and incubation for 6 days has shown the best process in which 19.34 – 20.56% sugars have been released. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis has shown clearly visible alteration before and after hydrolysis. Pretreatment heating in microwave after acid or alkaline hydrolysis significantly damaged the cell structures. Fermentation process by Saccharomyces cerevisae was done in 2 days which 540 - 655 ml of 90% ethanol was resulted from pilot plant scale 3.82-4.63 kg EFB.
Index Terms—Bioethanol, chemicall and pysicall pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, fruit bunch-palm oil.
N. Richana, C. Winarti, T. Hidayat are with the Indonesian Center for Agriculture Postharvest Research and Development, Jl. Tentara Pelajar 12, Cimanggu Bogor, Indonesia (e-mail: r1ch4n4@yahoo.co.id, Christina.winarti01@gmail.com, hidayat_pasca@yahoo.com).
B. Prastowo is with the Indonesian Center for Estate Crops Research and Development, Jl Tentara Pelajar 1, Cimanggu, Bogor, Indonesia (e-mail: bprastowo@gmail.com).
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Cite: N. Richana, C. Winarti, T. Hidayat, and B. Prastowo, "Hydrolysis of Empty Fruit Bunches of Palm Oil (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) by Chemical, Physical, and Enzymatic Methods for Bioethanol Production," International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 422-426, 2015.
